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When Health Begins
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Prenatal Development DVD
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Multilingual Illustrated DVD
Multilingual Illustrated DVD
[Tutorial]
The Biology of Prenatal Development
Introduction
0 - 4 Weeks
4 - 6 Weeks
6 - 8 Weeks
8 Weeks
8 - 12 Weeks
3 - 4 Months
4 - 6 Months
6 Months - Birth
生前発育の生物学
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Table of Contents
Chapter 1 – Introduction
Chapter 2 – Terminology
THE EMBRYONIC PERIOD (THE FIRST 8 WEEKS)
EMBRYONIC DEVELOPMENT: THE FIRST 4 WEEKS
Chapter 3 – Fertilization
Chapter 4 – DNA, Cell Division, and Early Pregnancy Factor (EPF)
Chapter 5 – Early Stages (Morula and Blastocyst) and Stem Cells
Chapter 6 – 1 to 1 1/2 Weeks: Implantation and Human Chorionic Gonadotropin (hCG)
Chapter 7 – The Placenta and Umbilical Cord
Chapter 8 – Nutrition and Protection
Chapter 9 – 2 to 4 Weeks: Germ Layers and Organ Formation
Chapter 10 – 3 to 4 Weeks: The Folding of the Embryo
EMBRYONIC DEVELOPMENT: 4 TO 6 WEEKS
Chapter 11 – 4 Weeks: Amniotic Fluid
Chapter 12 – The Heart in Action
Chapter 13 – Brain Growth
Chapter 14 – Limb Buds and Skin
Chapter 15 – 5 Weeks: Cerebral Hemispheres
Chapter 16 – Major Airways
Chapter 17 – Liver and Kidneys
Chapter 18 – Yolk Sac and Germ Cells
Chapter 19 – Hand Plates and Cartilage
EMBRYONIC DEVELOPMENT: 6 TO 8 WEEKS
Chapter 20 – 6 Weeks: Motion and Sensation
Chapter 21 – The External Ear and Blood Cell Formation
Chapter 22 – The Diaphragm and Intestines
Chapter 23 – Hand Plates and Brainwaves
Chapter 24 – Nipple Formation
Chapter 25 – Limb Development
Chapter 26 – 7 Weeks: Hiccups and Startle Response
Chapter 27 – The Maturing Heart
Chapter 28 – Ovaries and Eyes
Chapter 29 – Fingers and Toes
THE 8-WEEK EMBRYO
Chapter 30 – 8 Weeks: Brain Development
Chapter 31 – Right- and Left-Handedness
Chapter 32 – Rolling Over
Chapter 33 – Eyelid Fusion
Chapter 34 – "Breathing" Motion and Urination
Chapter 35 – The Limbs and Skin
Chapter 36 – Summary of the First 8 Weeks
THE FETAL PERIOD (8 WEEKS THROUGH BIRTH)
Chapter 37 – 9 Weeks: Swallows, Sighs, and Stretches
Chapter 38 – 10 Weeks: Rolls Eyes and Yawns, Fingernails & Fingerprints
Chapter 39 – 11 Weeks: Absorbs Glucose and Water
Chapter 40 – 3 to 4 Months (12 to 16 Weeks): Taste Buds, Jaw Motion, Rooting Reflex, Quickening
Chapter 41 – 4 to 5 Months (16 to 20 Weeks): Stress Response, Vernix Caseosa, Circadian Rhythms
Chapter 42 – 5 to 6 Months (20 to 24 Weeks): Responds to Sound; Hair and Skin; Age of Viability
Chapter 43 – 6 to 7 Months (24 to 28 Weeks): Blink-Startle; Pupils Respond to Light; Smell and Taste
Chapter 44 – 7 to 8 Months (28 to 32 Weeks): Sound Discrimination, Behavioral States
Chapter 45 – 8 to 9 Months (32 to 36 Weeks): Alveoli Formation, Firm Grasp, Taste Preferences
Chapter 46 – 9 Months to Birth (36 Weeks through Birth)
The 8-Week Embryo
Chapter 30
8 Weeks: Brain Development
See Snapshots
8 週までには 脳は かなり複雑になり 胎芽の全重量の約半分を 占めるようになります
成長は 驚くべきペースで続きます
Chapter 31
Right- and Left-Handedness
See Snapshots
8 週までには 胎芽の75% が 右利きの優勢を表します 残りの25% は 左利きの優勢と どちらでもない 場合とに均等に分かれます これが 右利き左利き行動の 最初の証拠です
Chapter 32
Rolling Over
See Snapshots
小児科学の本によると 「寝返り」をする能力は 生後10 ~ 20 週に現れる とありますが この素晴らしい協調は それよりずっと前に 羊水に満たされた嚢の中という 低重力環境で見られるのです ただ 子宮から出た後ですと 高重力に対するだけの力がないので 新生児は 寝返りが打てないのです
See Snapshots
胎芽は この頃 一層 活動的になります
動作は 緩慢だったり 早かったり 1回であったり 繰り返されたり 自発的であったり 反射的であったりと 様々です
頭の回転 首の伸長 手と顔の接触等が より頻繁に起こります
See Snapshots
胎芽を触ると 眼を細めたり 顎を動かしたり 何かをつかむ様な動きをしたり 足指を伸ばしたりします
Chapter 33
Eyelid Fusion
See Snapshots
7 ~ 8 週の間に 上瞼と下瞼が急速に発達し 部分的には まだくっついています
Chapter 34
"Breathing" Motion and Urination
See Snapshots
子宮には空気がないのですが 8 週までには 胎芽に 間欠呼吸動作が見られます
See Snapshots
この時期までに 腎臓は尿を生成し 羊水に放出します
男の胎芽では 発達中の睾丸が テステステロンを 生成および分泌し始めます
Chapter 35
The Limbs and Skin
See Snapshots
四肢の骨 関節 筋肉 神経 および血管は 大人の組織と非常に 似通っています
8 週までに 外側の 皮膚にあたる外皮は 数層の厚みをもった膜となり 透明感を殆ど失います
口の周囲に毛が現れると 眉も発達します
Chapter 36
Summary of the First 8 Weeks
See Snapshots
8 週で 胎生期は終了します
この間に ヒトの胎芽は 1 個の細胞から およそ10 億個の細胞に成長し 4,000 の個別の特徴を有する 解剖学的構造を形成します
胎芽は この時点で 大人に見られる 構造の90% 以上を 備えています
Introduction
0 - 4 Weeks
4 - 6 Weeks
6 - 8 Weeks
8 Weeks
8 - 12 Weeks
3 - 4 Months
4 - 6 Months
6 Months - Birth