Multilingual Illustrated DVD [Tutorial]

Ngokwemithetho yempilo, "ukukhula komuntu kuqala ekukhulelweni," uma owesilisa nowesifazane emunye efaka 23 wama-chromosomes abo ngokuhlangana kwamaseli abo enzalo.

Iseli yenzalo yowesimame kuthiwa yi"qanda" kodwa igama eliyilo yi-oocyte.

Ngokunjalo, iseli yenzalo yowesilisa kuthiwa yi"mbewu" kodwa kungcono uma kuthiwa yi-spermatozoon.

Emva kokukhishwa kweqanda esizalweni sowesimame ngohlelo okuthiwa yi-ovulation, iqanda nembewu kuyahlangana kwelinye lamashubhu esibeletho, avame ukubizwa ngama-Fallopian tubes.

La mashubhu ahlanganisa isizalo sowesimame nesibeletho sakhe.

Umbungu owumphumela kuthiwa yi-zygote, okuwukuthi "kuhlangene."

Ama-chromosomes e-zygote awu 46 amele ingxenye yokuqala yesifanekiso sofuzo somuntu omusha. Le sakhiwo sihlala kumamolikuli athothene okuthiwa yi-DNA. Inemiyalelo yokukhula komzimba wonke.

Amamolikuli e-DNA anjengesikhwelo esisontekile okwaziwa njenge-double helix. Amaqophelo esikhwelo enziwe ngamamolikuli angamabili, okuthiwa yi-guanine, cytosine, adenine, ne-thymine.

I-guanine ihambisana kuphela ne-cytosine, i-adenine ihambisane ne-thymine. Iseli ngalinye lomuntu cishe libe no 3 billion wala mapheya ayiziqu.

I-DNA yeseli elilodwa inolwazi oluningi kangangoba uma lungahle lubhalwe ngamagama, ukuhlela igama lokuqala lesiqu ngasinye kungadinga amakhasi angaphezu kuka 1.5 million!

Uma ilandelaniswa, iDNA kwiseli lomuntu elilodwa ikaleka ibewu 3 1/3 amafidi noma 1 imitha.

Uma singayiqaqa yonke iDNA ekumaseli omuntu angu 100 trillion, ingaba ngaphezu kwamamayela angu 63 billion. Le libanga lifika elangeni libuye izikhathi eziwu 340.

Cishe emahoreni awu 24 kuyaku 30 emva kokukhulelwa, i-zygote iqeda ukuhlukaniseka kwamaseli kokuqala. Ngohlelo lwe-mitosis, iseli lihlukaniseka kabili, amabili abe mane, njalonjalo.

Emva kuka 24 kuyaku 48 amahora ukukhulelwa kuqalile, kungaqinisekiswa ngokuthola ihomoni okuthiwa "wuphawu lokuqala " egazini likamama.

Ngosuku luka 3 kuyaku 4 emva kokukhulelwa, amaseli andayo ombungu aba sandilinga bese umbungu kuthiwa yi-morula.

Ngosuku luka 4 noma 5, kwakheka umgodi kule libhola lamaseli bese umbungu kuthiwa yi-blastocyst.

Amaseli ngaphakathi kwi-blastocyst kuthiwa yinqwaba yamaseli angaphakathi kanti akha ikhanda, umzimba, nezinye izakhiwo ezisemqoka kumuntu okhulayo.

Amaseli angaphakathi kule nqwaba yamaseli kuthiwa ama-embryonic stem cells ngoba akwazi ukwakha inhlobo ngayinye yamaseli kwezingaphezu kuka 200 asemzimbeni womuntu.

Emva kokwehla ngeshubhu lesibeletho, umbungu wokuqala uzishutheka odongeni olungaphakathi lwesibeletho sikamama. Lo luhlelo, okuthiwa wukuzihloma, luqala emva kuka 6 izinsuku luphele emva kuka 10 kuyaku 12 izinsuku emva kokukhulelwa.

Amaseli ombungu okhulayo aqala ukukhiqiza ihomoni okuthiwa yi-human chorionic gonadotropin, noma hCG, etholwa yiningi lokuhlolela ukukhulelwa.

I-HCG itshela amahomoni owesimame ukuthi akuyekise ukuya esikhathini okuvamile, okuvumela ukukhulelwa kuqhubeke.

Emva kokuzihloma, amaseli azungeze i-blastocyst akha ingxenye yalokho okuthiwa yi-placenta, ewukuxhumana phakathi kohlelo lukamama nolombungu lokugeleza kwegazi.

I-placenta ihambisa i-oksijini, izakhamzimba, amahomoni, nemithi kukamama embungwini okhulayo; isusa wonke udoti; bese ivimba ukuxubana kwegazi likamama nelombungu nele-fetus.

I-placenta ibuye Ikhiqize amahomoni ibuye igcine izinga lokushisa lomzimba wombungu libe ngaphezudlwana kwelikamama.

I-placenta ixhumana nomuntu okhulayo ngemithambo yenkaba.

Amakhono enkaba okweseka impilo e-placenta alingana nalawo amagumbi abagula kakhulu ezibhedlela zesimanje.

Ngeviki 1, amaseli enqwaba yamaseli engaphakathi akha izingqimba ezimbili okuthiwa yi-hypoblast ne-epiblast.

I-hypoblast yakha i-yolk sac (isikhupahshi), okungesinye sezakhiwo okuthi ngaso umama aphakele izakhamzimba kumbungu wasekuqaleni.

Amaseli aphuma kwi-epiblast akha ijwabu okuthiwa yi-amnion, ngaphakathi embungwini kamuva kwi-fetus liyakhula kuze kube wukuzalwa.

Cishe ngo 2 1/2 amaviki, i-epiblast seyakhe 3 amathishu ayisipesheli, noma izingqimba zamagciwane, okuthiwa yi-ectoderm, endoderm, ne-mesoderm.

I-ectoderm yakha izakhiwo eziningi kubandakanya ubucopho, umgogodla, imizwa, isikhumba, izinzipho, nezinwele.

I-endoderm ikhiqiza untwentwesi lomgudu wokuphefumula nolomgudu wokugaywa kokudla, bese yenza izingxenye zezitho ezisemqoka njengesibindi namanyikwe.

I-mesoderm yakha inhliziyo, izinso, amathambo, uqwanga, imisipha, amaseli egazi, nezinye izakhiwo.

Emva kwamaviki awu 3 ubuchopho buhlukaniseka ezingxenyeni zokuqala eziwu 3 okuthiwa wubuchopho baphambili, ubuchopho obuphakathi, nobuchopho obungemuva.

Ukukhula kwemigudu yokuphefumula nowokugaywa kokudla nako kuyaqhubeka.

Khathi amaseli okuqala egazi evela kwi-yolk sac, kwakheka imithambo yegazi kuwowonke umbungu, bese kuvela inhliziyo esashubhu.

Cishe ngokuphazima kweso, inhliziyo ekhula ngamandla iyazisonga ngenkathi amakamelo ehlukene eqala ukwakheka.

Inhliziyo iqala ukushaya kumaviki awu 3 nosuku emva kokukhulelwa.

Umgudu wegazi wumgudu womzimba wokuqala, noma iqembu lezitho ezihlobene, oveza isimo sokusebenza.

Phakathi kuka 3 no 4 wamaviki, isakhiwo somzimba siyavela ngesikhathi ubuchopho, umgogodla, nenhliziyo kombungu sekubonakala kalula eceleni kwe-yolk sac.

Ukukhula ngamandla kudala ukusongeka kombungu owendlalekile. Lo luhlelo luhlanganisa ingxenye ye-yolk sac ontwentwesini lomgudu wokugaya ukudla bese lwakha imigodi yesifuba nowesisu yomuntu okhulayo.