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Multilingual Illustrated DVD
Multilingual Illustrated DVD
[Tutorial]
The Biology of Prenatal Development
Introduction
0 - 4 Weeks
4 - 6 Weeks
6 - 8 Weeks
8 Weeks
8 - 12 Weeks
3 - 4 Months
4 - 6 Months
6 Months - Birth
出生前发育生物学
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Table of Contents
Chapter 1 – Introduction
Chapter 2 – Terminology
THE EMBRYONIC PERIOD (THE FIRST 8 WEEKS)
EMBRYONIC DEVELOPMENT: THE FIRST 4 WEEKS
Chapter 3 – Fertilization
Chapter 4 – DNA, Cell Division, and Early Pregnancy Factor (EPF)
Chapter 5 – Early Stages (Morula and Blastocyst) and Stem Cells
Chapter 6 – 1 to 1 1/2 Weeks: Implantation and Human Chorionic Gonadotropin (hCG)
Chapter 7 – The Placenta and Umbilical Cord
Chapter 8 – Nutrition and Protection
Chapter 9 – 2 to 4 Weeks: Germ Layers and Organ Formation
Chapter 10 – 3 to 4 Weeks: The Folding of the Embryo
EMBRYONIC DEVELOPMENT: 4 TO 6 WEEKS
Chapter 11 – 4 Weeks: Amniotic Fluid
Chapter 12 – The Heart in Action
Chapter 13 – Brain Growth
Chapter 14 – Limb Buds and Skin
Chapter 15 – 5 Weeks: Cerebral Hemispheres
Chapter 16 – Major Airways
Chapter 17 – Liver and Kidneys
Chapter 18 – Yolk Sac and Germ Cells
Chapter 19 – Hand Plates and Cartilage
EMBRYONIC DEVELOPMENT: 6 TO 8 WEEKS
Chapter 20 – 6 Weeks: Motion and Sensation
Chapter 21 – The External Ear and Blood Cell Formation
Chapter 22 – The Diaphragm and Intestines
Chapter 23 – Hand Plates and Brainwaves
Chapter 24 – Nipple Formation
Chapter 25 – Limb Development
Chapter 26 – 7 Weeks: Hiccups and Startle Response
Chapter 27 – The Maturing Heart
Chapter 28 – Ovaries and Eyes
Chapter 29 – Fingers and Toes
THE 8-WEEK EMBRYO
Chapter 30 – 8 Weeks: Brain Development
Chapter 31 – Right- and Left-Handedness
Chapter 32 – Rolling Over
Chapter 33 – Eyelid Fusion
Chapter 34 – "Breathing" Motion and Urination
Chapter 35 – The Limbs and Skin
Chapter 36 – Summary of the First 8 Weeks
THE FETAL PERIOD (8 WEEKS THROUGH BIRTH)
Chapter 37 – 9 Weeks: Swallows, Sighs, and Stretches
Chapter 38 – 10 Weeks: Rolls Eyes and Yawns, Fingernails & Fingerprints
Chapter 39 – 11 Weeks: Absorbs Glucose and Water
Chapter 40 – 3 to 4 Months (12 to 16 Weeks): Taste Buds, Jaw Motion, Rooting Reflex, Quickening
Chapter 41 – 4 to 5 Months (16 to 20 Weeks): Stress Response, Vernix Caseosa, Circadian Rhythms
Chapter 42 – 5 to 6 Months (20 to 24 Weeks): Responds to Sound; Hair and Skin; Age of Viability
Chapter 43 – 6 to 7 Months (24 to 28 Weeks): Blink-Startle; Pupils Respond to Light; Smell and Taste
Chapter 44 – 7 to 8 Months (28 to 32 Weeks): Sound Discrimination, Behavioral States
Chapter 45 – 8 to 9 Months (32 to 36 Weeks): Alveoli Formation, Firm Grasp, Taste Preferences
Chapter 46 – 9 Months to Birth (36 Weeks through Birth)
Chapter 43
6 to 7 Months (24 to 28 Weeks): Blink-Startle; Pupils Respond to Light; Smell and Taste
See Snapshots
到24周, 眼睑重新打开, 胎儿显出 眨眼吃惊反应。 女性胎儿这种对 突然的大声音 的反应发育得较早。
See Snapshots
几个调查人员报告, 大声音可能对 胎儿健康有 不良影响。 直接后果 包括延长的、 增加的心搏率、 过多胎儿吞咽 和突然行为改变。 可能的长期后果 包括听力损失。
See Snapshots
胎儿的呼吸率可以提高到 每分钟吸入-呼出44次。
See Snapshots
在怀孕的第三个三个月, 头脑的快速生长消耗胎儿 使用能量的50%以上。 头脑重量增加 400%到500%。
See Snapshots
到26周, 眼睛生产眼泪。
在27周,瞳孔对光作出反应。 这种反应在一生中控制到达 视网膜的光量。
See Snapshots
嗅觉机能运作 所需要的全部成分 都在运作。 对早产婴儿的研究 揭示受精后26周 觉察气味的能力。
在羊水中放入甜的物质 增加胎儿的吞咽率。 相反,加入苦的物质 减少胎儿的吞咽率。 通常还有面部表情的变化。
See Snapshots
通过一系列类似步行的 步伐运动, 胎儿翻筋头。
See Snapshots
皮下形成更多脂肪堆积物, 胎儿没有那么多皱了。 出生后, 脂肪对保持体温 和存储能量作用重大。
Chapter 44
7 to 8 Months (28 to 32 Weeks): Sound Discrimination, Behavioral States
See Snapshots
到28周,胎儿能够分辨 高音和低音。
See Snapshots
到30周,呼吸活动更为普遍, 一般胎儿30%到40% 的时间呼吸。
See Snapshots
在怀孕的最后4个月, 胎儿显示同等活动期, 中间插有休息期。 这些行为状态 反应中枢神经系统 不断变化的复杂性。
Chapter 45
8 to 9 Months (32 to 36 Weeks): Alveoli Formation, Firm Grasp, Taste Preferences
See Snapshots
到大约32周, 真正气泡, 即"口袋"细胞 开始在肺脏发育。 它们继续形成, 直到8周岁。
See Snapshots
在35周,胎儿手抓得紧。
See Snapshots
胎儿对各种物质的接触 看来影响出生后的香味偏爱。 例如,胎儿的母亲吃了茴香 这种干草味的物质, 胎儿出生后显示 对茴香的偏爱。 没有接触过茴香的 新生儿不喜欢茴香。
Chapter 46
9 Months to Birth (36 Weeks through Birth)
See Snapshots
胎儿释放大量 一种叫做雌激素的 荷尔蒙,开始分娩, 由此开始胎儿向 新生儿的转变。
子宫有力收缩标示分娩, 导致生产。
从受精到出生以至以后, 人类发育动态、 持续和复杂。 关于这个迷人过程的新发现 愈加显示胎儿发育 对毕生健康 的重大影响。
我们对早期人类发育的 理解在进展, 我们提高健康的能力也是如此 - 包括出生之前和之后。
Introduction
0 - 4 Weeks
4 - 6 Weeks
6 - 8 Weeks
8 Weeks
8 - 12 Weeks
3 - 4 Months
4 - 6 Months
6 Months - Birth