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Multilingual Illustrated DVD
Multilingual Illustrated DVD
[Tutorial]
The Biology of Prenatal Development
Introduction
0 - 4 Weeks
4 - 6 Weeks
6 - 8 Weeks
8 Weeks
8 - 12 Weeks
3 - 4 Months
4 - 6 Months
6 Months - Birth
出生前發育生物學
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Table of Contents
Chapter 1 – Introduction
Chapter 2 – Terminology
THE EMBRYONIC PERIOD (THE FIRST 8 WEEKS)
EMBRYONIC DEVELOPMENT: THE FIRST 4 WEEKS
Chapter 3 – Fertilization
Chapter 4 – DNA, Cell Division, and Early Pregnancy Factor (EPF)
Chapter 5 – Early Stages (Morula and Blastocyst) and Stem Cells
Chapter 6 – 1 to 1 1/2 Weeks: Implantation and Human Chorionic Gonadotropin (hCG)
Chapter 7 – The Placenta and Umbilical Cord
Chapter 8 – Nutrition and Protection
Chapter 9 – 2 to 4 Weeks: Germ Layers and Organ Formation
Chapter 10 – 3 to 4 Weeks: The Folding of the Embryo
EMBRYONIC DEVELOPMENT: 4 TO 6 WEEKS
Chapter 11 – 4 Weeks: Amniotic Fluid
Chapter 12 – The Heart in Action
Chapter 13 – Brain Growth
Chapter 14 – Limb Buds and Skin
Chapter 15 – 5 Weeks: Cerebral Hemispheres
Chapter 16 – Major Airways
Chapter 17 – Liver and Kidneys
Chapter 18 – Yolk Sac and Germ Cells
Chapter 19 – Hand Plates and Cartilage
EMBRYONIC DEVELOPMENT: 6 TO 8 WEEKS
Chapter 20 – 6 Weeks: Motion and Sensation
Chapter 21 – The External Ear and Blood Cell Formation
Chapter 22 – The Diaphragm and Intestines
Chapter 23 – Hand Plates and Brainwaves
Chapter 24 – Nipple Formation
Chapter 25 – Limb Development
Chapter 26 – 7 Weeks: Hiccups and Startle Response
Chapter 27 – The Maturing Heart
Chapter 28 – Ovaries and Eyes
Chapter 29 – Fingers and Toes
THE 8-WEEK EMBRYO
Chapter 30 – 8 Weeks: Brain Development
Chapter 31 – Right- and Left-Handedness
Chapter 32 – Rolling Over
Chapter 33 – Eyelid Fusion
Chapter 34 – "Breathing" Motion and Urination
Chapter 35 – The Limbs and Skin
Chapter 36 – Summary of the First 8 Weeks
THE FETAL PERIOD (8 WEEKS THROUGH BIRTH)
Chapter 37 – 9 Weeks: Swallows, Sighs, and Stretches
Chapter 38 – 10 Weeks: Rolls Eyes and Yawns, Fingernails & Fingerprints
Chapter 39 – 11 Weeks: Absorbs Glucose and Water
Chapter 40 – 3 to 4 Months (12 to 16 Weeks): Taste Buds, Jaw Motion, Rooting Reflex, Quickening
Chapter 41 – 4 to 5 Months (16 to 20 Weeks): Stress Response, Vernix Caseosa, Circadian Rhythms
Chapter 42 – 5 to 6 Months (20 to 24 Weeks): Responds to Sound; Hair and Skin; Age of Viability
Chapter 43 – 6 to 7 Months (24 to 28 Weeks): Blink-Startle; Pupils Respond to Light; Smell and Taste
Chapter 44 – 7 to 8 Months (28 to 32 Weeks): Sound Discrimination, Behavioral States
Chapter 45 – 8 to 9 Months (32 to 36 Weeks): Alveoli Formation, Firm Grasp, Taste Preferences
Chapter 46 – 9 Months to Birth (36 Weeks through Birth)
Chapter 43
6 to 7 Months (24 to 28 Weeks): Blink-Startle; Pupils Respond to Light; Smell and Taste
See Snapshots
到24週, 眼瞼重新打開, 胎兒顯出 眨眼吃驚反應。 女性胎兒這種對 突然的大聲音 的反應發育得較早。
See Snapshots
幾個調查人員報告, 大聲音可能對 胎兒健康有 不良影響。 直接後果 包括延長的、 增加的心搏率、 過多胎兒吞咽 和突然行為改變。 可能的長期後果 包括聽力損失。
See Snapshots
胎兒的呼吸率 可以提高到 每分鐘吸入-呼出44次。
See Snapshots
在懷孕的第三個三個月, 頭腦的快速生長 消耗胎兒使用能量 的50%以上。 頭腦重量增加 400%到500%。
See Snapshots
到26週, 眼睛生產眼淚。
在27週,瞳孔對光作出反應。 這種反應在一生中 控制到達 視網膜的光量。
See Snapshots
嗅覺機能運作 所需要的全部成份 都在運作。 對早產嬰兒的研究 揭示受精後26週 覺察氣味的能力。
在羊水中放入甜的物質 增加胎兒的吞咽率。 相反,加入苦的物質 減少胎兒的吞咽率。 通常還有面部表情的變化。
See Snapshots
通過一系列類似步行的 步伐運動, 胎兒翻筋頭。
See Snapshots
皮下形成更多 脂肪堆積物, 胎兒沒有那麼多皺了。 出生後,脂肪對 保持體溫和存儲能量 作用重大。
Chapter 44
7 to 8 Months (28 to 32 Weeks): Sound Discrimination, Behavioral States
See Snapshots
到28週,胎兒能夠分辨 高音和低音。
See Snapshots
到30週,呼吸活動 更為普遍, 一般胎兒30%到40% 的時間呼吸。
See Snapshots
在懷孕的最後4個月, 胎兒顯示同等活動期, 中間插有休息期。 這些行為狀態 反應中樞神經系統 不斷變化的複雜性。
Chapter 45
8 to 9 Months (32 to 36 Weeks): Alveoli Formation, Firm Grasp, Taste Preferences
See Snapshots
到大約32週, 真正氣泡, 即"口袋"細胞 開始在肺臟發育。 它們繼續形成, 直到8週歲。
See Snapshots
在35週,胎兒手抓得緊。
See Snapshots
胎兒對各種物質的接觸 看來影響出生後的 香味偏愛。 例如,胎兒的母親吃了茴香 這種乾草味的物質, 胎兒出生後顯示 對茴香的偏愛。 沒有接觸過茴香的 新生兒不喜歡茴香。
Chapter 46
9 Months to Birth (36 Weeks through Birth)
See Snapshots
胎兒釋放大量 一種叫做雌激素的 荷爾蒙,開始分娩, 由此開始胎兒向 新生兒的轉變。
子宮有力收縮標示分娩, 導致生產。
從受精到出生以至以後, 人類發育動態、 持續和複雜。 關於這個迷人過程的新發現 愈加顯示胎兒發育 對畢生健康 的重大影響。
我們對早期人類發育的 理解在進展, 我們提高健康的能力也是如此 - 包括出生之前和之後。
Introduction
0 - 4 Weeks
4 - 6 Weeks
6 - 8 Weeks
8 Weeks
8 - 12 Weeks
3 - 4 Months
4 - 6 Months
6 Months - Birth