Multilingual Illustrated DVD [Tutorial]
The Biology of Prenatal Development
IBINYABUZIMA BIJYANA NO GUTWITA
Kinyarwanda
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Table of Contents
- THE EMBRYONIC PERIOD (THE FIRST 8 WEEKS)
-
- EMBRYONIC DEVELOPMENT: THE FIRST 4 WEEKS
-
- Chapter 3 – Fertilization
- Chapter 4 – DNA, Cell Division, and Early Pregnancy Factor (EPF)
- Chapter 5 – Early Stages (Morula and Blastocyst) and Stem Cells
- Chapter 6 – 1 to 1 1/2 Weeks: Implantation and Human Chorionic Gonadotropin (hCG)
- Chapter 7 – The Placenta and Umbilical Cord
- Chapter 8 – Nutrition and Protection
- Chapter 9 – 2 to 4 Weeks: Germ Layers and Organ Formation
- Chapter 10 – 3 to 4 Weeks: The Folding of the Embryo
- EMBRYONIC DEVELOPMENT: 4 TO 6 WEEKS
-
- Chapter 11 – 4 Weeks: Amniotic Fluid
- Chapter 12 – The Heart in Action
- Chapter 13 – Brain Growth
- Chapter 14 – Limb Buds and Skin
- Chapter 15 – 5 Weeks: Cerebral Hemispheres
- Chapter 16 – Major Airways
- Chapter 17 – Liver and Kidneys
- Chapter 18 – Yolk Sac and Germ Cells
- Chapter 19 – Hand Plates and Cartilage
- EMBRYONIC DEVELOPMENT: 6 TO 8 WEEKS
-
- Chapter 20 – 6 Weeks: Motion and Sensation
- Chapter 21 – The External Ear and Blood Cell Formation
- Chapter 22 – The Diaphragm and Intestines
- Chapter 23 – Hand Plates and Brainwaves
- Chapter 24 – Nipple Formation
- Chapter 25 – Limb Development
- Chapter 26 – 7 Weeks: Hiccups and Startle Response
- Chapter 27 – The Maturing Heart
- Chapter 28 – Ovaries and Eyes
- Chapter 29 – Fingers and Toes
- THE 8-WEEK EMBRYO
- THE FETAL PERIOD (8 WEEKS THROUGH BIRTH)
-
- Chapter 37 – 9 Weeks: Swallows, Sighs, and Stretches
- Chapter 38 – 10 Weeks: Rolls Eyes and Yawns, Fingernails & Fingerprints
- Chapter 39 – 11 Weeks: Absorbs Glucose and Water
- Chapter 40 – 3 to 4 Months (12 to 16 Weeks): Taste Buds, Jaw Motion, Rooting Reflex, Quickening
- Chapter 41 – 4 to 5 Months (16 to 20 Weeks): Stress Response, Vernix Caseosa, Circadian Rhythms
- Chapter 42 – 5 to 6 Months (20 to 24 Weeks): Responds to Sound; Hair and Skin; Age of Viability
- Chapter 43 – 6 to 7 Months (24 to 28 Weeks): Blink-Startle; Pupils Respond to Light; Smell and Taste
- Chapter 44 – 7 to 8 Months (28 to 32 Weeks): Sound Discrimination, Behavioral States
- Chapter 45 – 8 to 9 Months (32 to 36 Weeks): Alveoli Formation, Firm Grasp, Taste Preferences
- Chapter 46 – 9 Months to Birth (36 Weeks through Birth)
The Fetal Period (8 Weeks through Birth)
Chapter 37 9 Weeks: Swallows, Sighs, and Stretches
Igihe cyo gukura kirakomeza
kugeza igihe cyo kuvuka.
Mubyumweru 9,
nibwo konka bitangira
n'ikiziba cy'inda gishobora
kumira ya mavuta.
Ikiziba cy'inda
gishobora gupfumbata ikintu,
kikajyana umutwe imbere
n'inyuma,
umusaya ugafunguka no gufunga,
ururimi rugakora byose.
Mu maso hagaragara uburyo bwo kumva, ibiganza, n'udutsintsino twerekana ibimenyetso b'ubuzima.
"Mu kwerekana ko wakoze ku gatsinsino," agahinja gakinisha amanyinginya gashobora guhina ivi n'amano.
Mu maso hagaragara uburyo bwo kumva, ibiganza, n'udutsintsino twerekana ibimenyetso b'ubuzima.
"Mu kwerekana ko wakoze ku gatsinsino," agahinja gakinisha amanyinginya gashobora guhina ivi n'amano.
Ibitsiki by'amaso
ubu birabumbye pe.
Mu muhogo, hagaragara
ibituma umuntu agira ijwi
kikaba ari ikimenyetso
cy'uko ijwi ririmo rikura.
Mu isoro ry'igitsina gore,
ikiziba cy'inda kigaragaza
utuburungu tw'imbuto zidafashe
zibyara ziranga igitsina gore,
zikuba kenshi mu mufuka
w'urubyaro.
Ibihimba bigaragara by'urubyaro bitangira kwigaragaza ubwabyo niba ari igitsina gabo cyangwa igitsina gore.
Ibihimba bigaragara by'urubyaro bitangira kwigaragaza ubwabyo niba ari igitsina gabo cyangwa igitsina gore.
Chapter 38 10 Weeks: Rolls Eyes and Yawns, Fingernails & Fingerprints
Ubuturumbuke mumikurire
hagati y'ibyumweru 9 na 10
byongera ibiro by'umubiri
inshuro zirenze 75%.
Mugihe cy'ibyumweru 10
ibitsike byo hejuru y'ijisho
bipfundikira ijisho
bikanarikoresha.
Agahinja karayura, akenshi karafungura kakanafunga umunwa.
Agahinja karayura, akenshi karafungura kakanafunga umunwa.
Uduhinja twinshi
turigata igikumwe cy'iburyo.
ibice by'amara mu mukondo asubira mugitereko cy'inda.
ibice by'amara mu mukondo asubira mugitereko cy'inda.
Amagufwa atangira gukomera
Inzara z'intoki n'iz'amaguru
zitangira gukura.
Ibimenyetso by'intoki bigaragara
ibyumweru 10 nyuma yo gusama.
Izo manzi zishobora kugaragara
mu buzima bwose.
Chapter 39 11 Weeks: Absorbs Glucose and Water
Mugihe cy'ibyumweru 11
izuru n'umunwa
biba bigaragara.
Nkuko kuri buri gihimba kindi
cy'umubiri,
kuri buri intera
isura y'umubiri izahinduka
mubuzima bw'umuntu.
Amara atangira gukurura
ibifite isukari n'amazi
byamizwe n'agahinja.
Igitsina kimenyekana
igihe cyo gusama,
ingingo zigaragara z'ububyeyi
noneho zishobora
gutandukanywa
igitsina gabo cg igitsina gore.
Chapter 40 3 to 4 Months (12 to 16 Weeks): Taste Buds, Jaw Motion, Rooting Reflex, Quickening
Hagati y'ibyumweru 11 na 12,
igi ryongera ibiro hafi 60%.
Ibyumweru 12 haba harangiye kimwe cy'agatatu kibanza, cyangwa amezi 3 yo gutwita.
Ibyumweru 12 haba harangiye kimwe cy'agatatu kibanza, cyangwa amezi 3 yo gutwita.
Mu munwa haza icyumva uburyohe
n'ububihe.
Igihe cyo kuvuka ibyo kumva
uburyohe n'ububihe biguhamho
gusa ku rurimi
no kurusenge rw'umunwa.
Amara atangira kujegajega
nyuma y'ibyumweru 12 gusa
agakomeza gutyo kumara
igihe cy'ibyumweru 6
Umubiri utangira kuva mu igi n'urura rugari rw'uruhinja aricyo cyitwa umwanda. Uba igizwe n'ibyo agahinja kariye kakiri munda, za proteine n'utuburungu tw'amaraso tuba twarapfuye bikorwa n'inda.
Umubiri utangira kuva mu igi n'urura rugari rw'uruhinja aricyo cyitwa umwanda. Uba igizwe n'ibyo agahinja kariye kakiri munda, za proteine n'utuburungu tw'amaraso tuba twarapfuye bikorwa n'inda.
Mugihe cy'ibyumweru 12,
igihimba cyo hejuru
kiba hafi cyarageze uko
kizareshya.
Ibihimba byo hasi bifata igihe
kugira ngo bigere uko
bizareshya.
Uretse gusa umugongo no
kugahanga,
umubiri wose w'agahinja
ushobora kumva iyo kakozweho.
Itandukaniro ry'imikurire
y'igitsina n'ibijyana nacyo
nibwo bigaragara ubwa mbere.
Urugero, uduhinja gore
tujegajeza imisaya
kenshi kurusha uduhinja gabo.
Ibiramambu, nkuko twabibonye kare,
ibituma umunwa uryoherwa
byerekana impamvu
zishyira gufungura umunwa.
Ibyo byitwa "gushaka inzira"
kandi birakomeza na nyuma yo
kuvuka,
bifasha uruhinja rwavutse
kumenya imoko za nyina
igihe cyo konka.
Isura ikomeza gukura
uko urukoko rw'amavuta
rugenda rushongera mu ruhu
n'amenyo atangira kumera.
Mugihe cy'ibyumweru 15, nibwo
utuburungu tubyara amaraso tuza,
tukikuba mu igufwa ritarakomera.
Utuburungu dukora amaraso
tuzaboneka aha.
Nubwo igi ry'umwana ritangira
gutera nk'igicuro mubyumweru 6,
ariko umugore utwite atangira
kumva inda itera ubwambere
hagati y'ibyumweru 14 na 18.
Ubusanzwe icyo gihe
cyitwa icyo hagati mu gutwita.
Chapter 41 4 to 5 Months (16 to 20 Weeks): Stress Response, Vernix Caseosa, Circadian Rhythms
Mugihe cy'ibyumweru 16,
impamvu zateye
urushinge kwinjira munda
y'igi
ruhungabanya imbuto
igisubizo kikagorana
impamvu zituma utwite
zikajya ahagaragara,
cyangwa se impamvu zituma
amaraso ajya ukwayo.
Impinja zavutse n'abantu bakuru
berekana ibimenyetso bimwe
muburyo bitagenda neza.
Mubuhumekero,
umuhogo uba noneho ugaragara.
Umweru urinda umuhogo,
witwa urutonde rw'amenyo,
ubu utwikiriye agahinja.
urwo rutonde rurinze uruhu
ngo rutagira ikiruhungabanya
biturutse ku mavuta.
Guhera kubyumweru 19 agahinja
karakina, kagahumeka,
n'umutima utangira gutera
ukurikije ibiriho ku munsi
aribyo bitwa akazi k'umutima.
Chapter 42 5 to 6 Months (20 to 24 Weeks): Responds to Sound; Hair and Skin; Age of Viability
Mugihe cy'ibyumweru 20
ingoma y'amatwi,
ituma umuntu yumva,
iba imeze nk'iy'umuntu mukuru
kuburyo nta kindi ikeneye
imbere mu gutwi.
Guhera ubu noneho,
agahinja gashobora kwerekana
ko kumva urusobe rw'amajwi.
Umusatsi utangira gukura
ku ruhu rw'umutwe.
Ibigize uruhu, n'izindi ngingo z'umubiri biba byuzuye, harimo igikuriro cy'umusatsi n'uduturugunyu.
Ibigize uruhu, n'izindi ngingo z'umubiri biba byuzuye, harimo igikuriro cy'umusatsi n'uduturugunyu.
Mugihe cy'ibyumweru 21
kugeza kuri 22 nyuma yo gusama,
ibihaha bigira ubushobozi
bwo guhumeka umwuka.
Ibyo byerekana ko
umwana aba yakuze
kubera ko aba
nyuma y'ingobyi
ibyo ariko bishoboka
kuduhinja tumwe na tumwe.
Hakoreshejwe ubuhanga buhanitse
mubyubuvuzi
birashoboka kuramira
ubuzima bw'abana bavuka
badashitse.
Chapter 43 6 to 7 Months (24 to 28 Weeks): Blink-Startle; Pupils Respond to Light; Smell and Taste
Mugihe cy'ibyumweru 24
ibitsiki by'amaso bifunguka bushya
agahinja gakubita ingohe.
Ibyo bituma kagira urusaku
nkuko bigenda mu igi
rizavo igitsina gore.
Abashakashatsi benshi bavuga ko
urusaku rwinshi
rushobora kugira ingaruka mbi
kubuzima bw'agahinja.
Ingaruka z'ako kanya
harimo kwiyongera
umutima guteraguza,
agahinja kamira bikabije,
no guhindagurika mu myifatire.
Ingaruka z'igihe kirekire
agahinja gapfa amatwi.
Inshuro zo guhumeka
zishobora kwiyongera cyane
kugeza kunshuro 44 muguhumeka
no gusohora umuka ku munota.
Mugihe cy'amezi 3 ya mbere
yo gutwita
gukura vuba k'ubwonko
bitwara 50% by'ingufu
zikoreshwa n'agahinja.
Ibiro by'ubwonko byiyongera
hagati ya 400 na 500%.
Mubyumweru 26
amaso azana amarira.
Imboni zerekana kubona urumuri nyuma y'ibyumweru 27. Ubwo buryo bugenzura uburemere bw'urumuri iyo rugeze aho ijisho ryakirira urumuri mubuzima bwose.
Imboni zerekana kubona urumuri nyuma y'ibyumweru 27. Ubwo buryo bugenzura uburemere bw'urumuri iyo rugeze aho ijisho ryakirira urumuri mubuzima bwose.
Ibifasha bindi byose bikenewe
biba byuzuye kugira ngo
uburyo bwo kwihumuriza bukore.
Ubuhanga kubyerekeranye n'abana
bavuka badashitse
bwerekana ubushobozi bwo
kumva impumuro
ibyo biba mugihe cy'ibyumweru 26
nyuma yo gusama.
Bishyira ibinyasukari mumufuka ugira amavuta byongera uburyo agahinja kamira. Igitangaje, ibigabanya agahinja kumira n'iyo gahuye n'ibintu birura. Akenshi kagaragaza gukambya isura.
Bishyira ibinyasukari mumufuka ugira amavuta byongera uburyo agahinja kamira. Igitangaje, ibigabanya agahinja kumira n'iyo gahuye n'ibintu birura. Akenshi kagaragaza gukambya isura.
Biciye muruhuri rw'intera
nko kunyagambura amaguru
bimeze nko kugenda n'amaguru,
akana kibirindura gatebegatoki.
Agahinja gasa n'akihinnye
nk'amavuta y'inyongera
ari munsi y'uruhu.
Amavuta afite uruhare rukomeye
mukubumbatira ubushyuhe bw'umubiri
no kuzigama ingufu nyuma
yo kuvuka.
Chapter 44 7 to 8 Months (28 to 32 Weeks): Sound Discrimination, Behavioral States
Mugihe cy'ibyumweru 28
agahinja gashobora gutandukanya
urusaku rwinshi
n'urusaku rukeya.
Mugihe cy'ibyumweru 30,
uburyo bwo guhumeka buba busanzwe
gahumeka mu kigererenyo
gihwanye na 30 kugeza kuri 40%.
Mugihe cy'amezi 4 yanyuma
yo gutwita,
agahinja kerekana gukora
ibintu bifite gahunda
bijyana n'ibihe byo kuruhuka.
Iyo myifatire
yerekana kwiyongera muburyo
budasobanutse imikorere
y'iteraniro ry'ibituma umuntu
yumva.
Chapter 45 8 to 9 Months (32 to 36 Weeks): Alveoli Formation, Firm Grasp, Taste Preferences
Hafi ibyumweru 32
amashami nyayo y'ubuhumekero,
cyangwa "udufuka" tw'utuburungu
tw'umuka,
dutangira gukura mu bihaha.
Tuzakomeza gukura kugeza
igihe cy'imyaka 8 nyuma y'ivuka.
Mugihe cy'ibyumweru 35
agahinja kaba gafunze igipfunsi.
Agahinja kerekana
ibintu binyuranye
bituma umwana atakaza amahitamo
yo kubonjya nyuma yo kuvuka.
Urugero, ababyeyi barya ibyatsi
bifite kuba byasindisha,
bituma umwana akunda ibijya gusa
nabyo nyuma y'ivuka.
Impinja zitagira aho zahuriye
n'ibisindisha ntizibikunda.
Chapter 46 9 Months to Birth (36 Weeks through Birth)
Uruhinja rutangira akazi
ko gukora uruhuri rw'ibiganisha
inzira y'agateganyo hagati y'igi
n'uruhinja rwavutse.
Ako kazi kagaragazwa n'ubwivumbagatanye mu kiziba cy'inda, bituma umwana avuka.
Ako kazi kagaragazwa n'ubwivumbagatanye mu kiziba cy'inda, bituma umwana avuka.
Guhera igihe cyo gusama kugeza
igihe cyo kubyara na nyuma yaho,
umubiri w'umuntu wubaka imbaraga
muburyo butaziguye bukomeza.
Ubuvumbuzi bushyashya
muri urwo rutonde
burerekana ingaruka ku mwana
mubuzima bwe bwose.
Nkuko twashoboye kumva mubyerekeranye n'amajyambere y'umubiri w'umuntu, ni ingenzi kurinda ubuzima bw'umwana mbere na nyuma yo kuvuka.
Nkuko twashoboye kumva mubyerekeranye n'amajyambere y'umubiri w'umuntu, ni ingenzi kurinda ubuzima bw'umwana mbere na nyuma yo kuvuka.